Mascara de rede 28 bitstampas
An IP address is 32 bits long and made up of two components, a network portion and a host portion. The network address is used to identify the network and is common to all the devices attached to the network. The host or mascara de rede 28 bitstampas address is used to identify a particular device attached to the network. The IP address is generally represented using the dotted-decimal notation, where 32 mascara de rede 28 bitstampas are divided into four octets.
Each of the octets can be represented in a decimal format, separated by decimal points. Refer to Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions. Class A—The first octet denotes the network address, and the last three octets are the host portion.
Any IP address whose first octet is between 1 and is a Class A address. Note that 0 is reserved as a part of the default address, and is reserved for internal loopback testing. Class B—The first two octets denote the network address, and the last two octets are the host portion. Any address whose first octet is in the range to is a Class B address.
Class C—The first three octets denote the network address, and the last octet is the host portion. The first octet range of to is a Class C address. Class D—Used for multicast. Multicast IP addresses have their first octets in the range to Class E—Reserved for future use and includes the range of addresses with a mascara de rede 28 bitstampas octet from to Subnetting is the concept of dividing the network into smaller portions called subnets. This is done by borrowing bits from the host portion of the IP address, enabling more efficient use of the network address.
A subnet mask defines which portion of the address is used to identify the network and which denotes the hosts. The following tables show all possible ways a major network can be subnetted, and, in each case, mascara de rede 28 bitstampas many effective subnets and hosts are possible.
The first column shows how many bits are borrowed from the host portion of the address for subnetting. Each of these will represent a subnet. Out of these four subnets, 00 and 11 are called subnet zero and the all-ones subnet, respectively.
In Cisco IOS For more information on the all-ones subnet and subnet zero, refer to Subnet Zero and the All-Ones Subnet. The subnet mascara de rede 28 bitstampas and all-ones subnet are included in the effective number of subnets as shown in the third column.
Since the host portion has now lost two bits, the host portion will have only 22 mascara de rede 28 bitstampas out of the last three octets. This means the complete Class A network is now divided or subnetted into four subnets, and each subnet can have 2 22 hosts A host portion with all zeros is network number itself, and a host portion with all ones is reserved for broadcast on that subnet, leaving the effective number of hosts to 2 22 — 2as shown in the fourth column.
RFC describes using bit prefixes for point-to-point links. This leaves 1 bit for the host-id portion of the IP address. Normally a host-id of all zeros is used to represent the network or subnet, and a host-id of all ones is used to represent mascara de rede 28 bitstampas directed broadcast. Using Bit prefixes, the host-id of 0 represents one host, and a host-id of 1 represents the other host of a point-to-point link.
Local link limited broadcasts But directed broadcasts are not possible to a bit prefix. This is not really a problem because most routing protocols use multicast, limited broadcasts, or unicasts.
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