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It was first released as part of the add-on package Plus! Later versions were available as free downloads, or in service packs , and included in the original equipment manufacturer OEM service releases of Windows 95 and later versions of Windows. The browser is discontinued , but still maintained. Its usage share has since declined with the launch of Firefox and Google Chrome , and with the growing popularity of operating systems such as Android and iOS that do not run Internet Explorer.
Estimates for Internet Explorer's market share are about 3. Versions of Internet Explorer for other operating systems have also been produced, including an Xbox version called Internet Explorer for Xbox and for platforms Microsoft no longer supports: On March 17, , Microsoft announced that Microsoft Edge would replace Internet Explorer as the default browser on its Windows 10 devices. This effectively makes Internet Explorer 11 the last release.
Internet Explorer, however, remains on Windows 10 primarily for enterprise purposes. The browser has been scrutinized throughout its development for use of third-party technology such as the source code of Spyglass Mosaic , used without royalty in early versions and security and privacy vulnerabilities , and the United States and the European Union have alleged that integration of Internet Explorer with Windows has been to the detriment of fair browser competition.
The Internet Explorer project was started in the summer of by Thomas Reardon , who, according to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Review of , [14] used source code from Spyglass, Inc. The first version, dubbed Microsoft Internet Explorer, made its debut on August 16, Microsoft was sued by Synet Inc. Internet Explorer 11 is featured in a Windows 8. It includes an incomplete mechanism for syncing tabs.
Internet Explorer 11 was made available for Windows 7 users to download on November 7, , with Automatic Updates in the following weeks. Internet Explorer 11's user agent string now identifies the agent as " Trident " the underlying layout engine instead of "MSIE".
It also announces compatibility with Gecko the layout engine of Firefox. Microsoft Edge , officially unveiled on January 21, , has replaced Internet Explorer as the default browser on Windows Internet Explorer is still installed in Windows 10 in order to maintain compatibility with older websites and intranet sites that require ActiveX and other Microsoft legacy web technologies.
According to Microsoft, development of new features for Internet Explorer has ceased. However, it will continue to be maintained as part of the support policy for the versions of Windows with which it is included. Internet Explorer has been designed to view a broad range of web pages and provide certain features within the operating system, including Microsoft Update.
During the heyday of the browser wars , Internet Explorer superseded Netscape only when it caught up technologically to support the progressive features of the time. Internet Explorer, using the Trident layout engine:. This has resulted in a number of web pages that appear broken in standards-compliant web browsers and has introduced the need for a " quirks mode " to allow for rendering improper elements meant for Internet Explorer in these other browsers.
Internet Explorer has introduced a number of extensions to the DOM that have been adopted by other browsers. Microsoft submitted several other features of IE for consideration by the W3C for standardization. Other non-standard behaviours include: Support for favicons was first added in Internet Explorer 5.
Internet Explorer makes use of the accessibility framework provided in Windows. Pop-up blocking and tabbed browsing were added respectively in Internet Explorer 6 and Internet Explorer 7. Internet Explorer caches visited content in the Temporary Internet Files folder to allow quicker access or offline access to previously visited pages. The content is indexed in a database file, known as Index. Prior to IE7, clearing the cache used to clear the index but the files themselves were not reliably removed, posing a potential security and privacy risk.
In IE7 and later, when the cache is cleared, the cache files are more reliably removed, and the index. Caching has been improved in IE9. Internet Explorer is fully configurable using Group Policy. Administrators of Windows Server domains for domain-joined computers or the local computer can apply and enforce a variety of settings on computers that affect the user interface such as disabling menu items and individual configuration options , as well as underlying security features such as downloading of files, zone configuration, per-site settings, ActiveX control behaviour and others.
Policy settings can be configured for each user and for each machine. Internet Explorer also supports Integrated Windows Authentication. It consists of several major components, each of which is contained in a separate Dynamic-link library DLL and exposes a set of COM programming interfaces hosted by the Internet Explorer main executable, iexplore.
Internet Explorer does not include any native scripting functionality. Internet Explorer 8 includes the bindings for the Active Scripting engine, which is a part of Microsoft Windows and allows any language implemented as an Active Scripting module to be used for client-side scripting.
LCIE separates the main window process frame process from the processes hosting the different web applications in different tabs tab processes.
A frame process can create multiple tab processes, each of which can be of a different integrity level ; each tab process can host multiple web sites. The processes use asynchronous Inter-Process Communication to synchronize themselves. Generally, there will be a single frame process for all web sites.
In Windows Vista with Protected Mode turned on, however, opening privileged content such as local HTML pages will create a new tab process as it will not be constrained by Protected Mode.
Internet Explorer exposes a set of Component Object Model COM interfaces that allows add-ons to extend the functionality of the browser. Browser extensibility and content extensibility.
BHOs are used to extend the feature set of the browser, whereas the other extensibility options are used to expose that feature in the user interface. Content extensibility adds support for non-native content formats. Since malicious add-ons can compromise the security of a system, Internet Explorer implements several safeguards. Internet Explorer 6 with Service Pack 2 and later feature an Add-on Manager for enabling or disabling individual add-ons, complemented by a "No Add-Ons" mode.
Starting with Windows Vista , Internet Explorer and its BHOs run with restricted privileges and are isolated from the rest of the system. Add-on Performance Advisor shows a notification when one or more of installed add-ons exceed a pre-set performance threshold. The notification appears in the Notification Bar when the user launches the browser. Windows 8 and Windows RT introduce a Metro-style version of Internet Explorer that is entirely sandboxed and does not run add-ons at all.
Internet Explorer itself can be hosted by other applications via a set of COM interfaces. This can be used to embed the browser functionality inside a computer program or create Internet Explorer shells. Internet Explorer uses a zone-based security framework that groups sites based on certain conditions, including whether it is an Internet- or intranet-based site as well as a user-editable whitelist.
Security restrictions are applied per zone; all the sites in a zone are subject to the restrictions. Internet Explorer 6 SP2 onwards uses the Attachment Execution Service of Microsoft Windows to mark executable files downloaded from the Internet as being potentially unsafe. Accessing files marked as such will prompt the user to make an explicit trust decision to execute the file, as executables originating from the Internet can be potentially unsafe.
This helps in preventing accidental installation of malware. Internet Explorer 7 introduced the phishing filter, that restricts access to phishing sites unless the user overrides the decision. With version 8, it also blocks access to sites known to host malware. Downloads are also checked to see if they are known to be malware-infected. In Windows Vista , Internet Explorer by default runs in what is called Protected Mode , where the privileges of the browser itself are severely restricted—it cannot make any system-wide changes.
One can optionally turn this mode off but this is not recommended. This also effectively restricts the privileges of any add-ons. As a result, even if the browser or any add-on is compromised, the damage the security breach can cause is limited.
Patches and updates to the browser are released periodically and made available through the Windows Update service, as well as through Automatic Updates. Although security patches continue to be released for a range of platforms, most feature additions and security infrastructure improvements are only made available on operating systems which are in Microsoft's mainstream support phase.
On December 16, , Trend Micro recommended users switch to rival browsers until an emergency patch was released to fix a potential security risk which "could allow outside users to take control of a person's computer and steal their passwords". Microsoft representatives countered this recommendation, claiming that "0.
In , a report by Accuvant, funded by Google, rated the security based on sandboxing of Internet Explorer worse than Google Chrome but better than Mozilla Firefox. A more recent browser security white paper comparing Google Chrome , Microsoft Edge , and Internet Explorer 11 by X41 D-Sec in came to similar conclusions, also based on sandboxing and support of legacy web technologies.
Internet Explorer has been subjected to many security vulnerabilities and concerns: This is known as a " drive-by install ". There are also attempts to trick the user into installing malicious software by misrepresenting the software's true purpose in the description section of an ActiveX security alert.
A number of security flaws affecting IE originated not in the browser itself, but ActiveX -based add-ons used by it. Because the add-ons have the same privilege as IE, the flaws can be as critical as browser flaws. This has led to the ActiveX-based architecture being criticized for being fault-prone. By , some experts maintained that the dangers of ActiveX have been overstated and there were safeguards in place.
Internet Explorer in , had a number of published security vulnerabilities. According to research done by security research firm Secunia , Microsoft did not respond as quickly as its competitors in fixing security holes and making patches available. According to an October report in The Register , researcher Chris Evans had detected a known security vulnerability which, then dating back to , had not been fixed for at least days.
In an advisory on January 14, , Microsoft said that attackers targeting Google and other U. The German government warned users against using Internet Explorer and recommended switching to an alternative web browser, due to the major security hole described above that was exploited in Internet Explorer. On April 26, , Microsoft issued a security advisory relating to CVE use-after-free vulnerability in Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 through 11 [74] , a vulnerability that could allow "remote code execution" in Internet Explorer versions 6 to The adoption rate of Internet Explorer seems to be closely related to that of Microsoft Windows, as it is the default web browser that comes with Windows.
Since the integration of Internet Explorer 2. This made Microsoft the winner in the infamous ' first browser war ' against Netscape. Netscape Navigator was the dominant browser during and until , but rapidly lost share to IE starting in , and eventually slipped behind in The infamous case was eventually won by AOL but by then it was too late, as Internet Explorer had already become the dominant browser. Its first notable competitor after beating Netscape was Firefox from Mozilla , which itself was an offshoot from Netscape.
Approximate usage over time based on various usage share counters averaged for the year overall, or for the fourth quarter, or for the last month in the year depending on availability of reference.