Principles and practices of teaching by jose calderon trade
He would talk about what was needed for organizing and making change! He ended up interning with the office of the city manager. He started realizing the city manager runs the city, not city council. For a while he thought about it. And called on police to pick up every immigrant. The city had received an award for bilingual newspapers; they wiped that out. So he started to organize! That became a foundation for writing. He went to the ASA to talk about Monterey Park, and nativism, and the english only movement, and so on.
They starrted doing the research, all the way back to Tanton, population growth, english only movement. Research little by little was answering question like: So, that movement was about keeping immigrants from having political power. His students today understand now why teaching english can be a revolutionary act, if we understand that history. That was really significant. She became the main leader of a movement that linked planned city development, where the conservatives were blaming city problems on growth, but also policies that support immigrants and ensure a voice from various groups.
In applying conncections between civic knowledge and civic engagement: They visit, see all the people who created that movement. They also studied the history. How to connect the two? Popular education and PAR. When they took the students to Delano, they also go to La Paz, and went to Aviani village. It housed Filipino farmworkers. This is the foundation of understanding the history of Filipinos.
In CA they passed antimiscegenation laws, targeted at African Americans, but included Filipino farmworkers. Many grew old, and had no where to go. They would lie to their families about how they were doing well, but really only had teh farmworkers as family.
If you have a chance visit Aviani village in Delano, it housed filipino farmworkers who had lost contact with their families. It was built by students, brick by brick. One was Judy Chu. When the class started visiting, their first project was to find pictures that were strewn around, and frame them, and research the history.
One student, Nora Aquino, ended up making a film, and realized one of her grandfathers had been one of those farmworkers. When he began this project with the farmworker community, they are doing research, and Favian Nunez, working in Pomona, was a total radical. These are workers looking for jobs. What are you gonna do?
The following week was so emotional. Students were in tears. They related tales of how people crossed in railroad cars with no air, of how they are treated. Listening to the workers. At that time the day labor centers were developing.
It was students who helped write the proposal for the first day labor center in , it was a student proposal that helped open the center. Since then, students have used multi methods of research: Favian was the first board chair. He went on to become the Speaker in Sacramento. Kevin de Leon is now Senate Pro Tem. When he was at Pitzer, he led a demo of , against Prop , that would have required faculty to report undocumented students.
Instead of hiring experts to carry out this work, we created meetings with workers, so they would constantly have a voice. Using research, to create knowledge, but not just knowledge for the sake of it, but to mobilize. The city only funded 50k, so students had to help run the center. We had great examples of PAR. Every word of the grant was written by the day laborers and students. It requires us to think on the level that the community has a lot of knowledge.
Panchito, an 80 year old day laborer, came in one day: We have to figure out how to get to know them. But he said no, this is a time when joseph and mary were walking looking for an open door. The students are passing out leaflets up ahead, and something beautiful happened: It was so emotional. At the end they were so happy. The next Monday they evaluated.
Today, the day labor center still receives some funding from the city. Just recently Suzanne Foster, a former student of his, became director: They wrote an article about it, published in a major journal: This example of Panchito, where we value the experiential knowlege of community, and the skills of academic faculty and students, equally. Every Friday we have an encuentro where the day laborers teach the students about immigration, not the other way around.
These are examples of research as a foundation for outcomes that are social change, social justice. Recently there was a measure T. They researched and found that Pomona in 90 years had only elected 1 Latino. After voting rights act passed, 3 cities were chosen to test it. Pomona was one of them. It was shifted from at large to district. This enabled districts with majority minority to elect Latinos to city council.
The research discovered how the VRA created district elections. Then finding a way to disseminate the research through the media. A city councilwoman got so upset, she put her own money into a big banner countering a leaflet the conservative group put out: The foundation was research, PAR. Collaboration, research, dissemination, and it was based on social action. This kind of research has an ethos.
Research is carried out with and for the benefit of community based organizations, in both the short and long term. Join long term projects with social change and reciprocity. Empower leadership, and develop community as active participants in policymaking and social change. Envision the possibility of employee owned cooperatives. Apps, wifi, a place in NYC where they use wifi to organize a park and a neighborhood, new ways of organizing our communities.
Every day he sees examples and spaces of the kind of world we all want to live in. Where Black Lives Matter. Where the histories of different peoples in terms of oppression are not left out. Where GNP is not measured just on profit, but on the quality of life. So she forced the school to start a community garden, and later, the city to give them 2 and a half acres. Now they have a whole acre, and discussing, how am I gonna sustain myself and my family?
We are all figuring out how to get the capital to sustain ourselves. Unfortunately, in Climate Change now the language of profit is coming in. These women grow a plot for themselves, but have also started their own market to sell fruits and vegetables. At Pitzer, we said how can we help them? Proof of the Commission's commitment in that regard were its proposals on agriculture and fisheries, by which it proposed, in particular, to switch its agricultural policy away from production-linked aid to rural development.
The pact he was putting forward today rested on the shared recognition of the basic values of democracy, good governance, and social inclusion, he said. To be effective, that call must go hand in hand with tangible forms of solidarity. In that connection, he reaffirmed Europe's Monterrey commitment to reach 0. Further, industrialized countries must take the lead in developing sustainable production and consumption patterns.
Tomorrow, a major initiative on water would be unveiled, which would bring water to millions in Africa, making a major contribution to halving the number of people without access to safe drinking water. The Commission also wanted to foster cooperation on international rivers and lakes. In conclusion, he also reaffirmed Europe's active commitment to giving support to Africa. The Union's partnership with Africa would be strengthened through the Cotonou Convention, which linked it to more than 80 States in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific.
It would bring Negotiations on regional trade agreements would start in October. To work, however, such partnerships needed to be founded on trust. Due to double standards in international political and economic affairs, it was clear that such trust did not exist.
Partnerships between States must be based on the interest of all parties, mutual trust and respect. Private-public sector partnerships must be based on equity and transparency. That could not be produced by diplomatic pressure to unfairly change incentives and the legal regimes of a country. Partnership with multilateral financial institutions must be based on greater understanding of a country's situation and less of a doctrinaire advocacy of policies. Countries of the Caribbean were fully committed to equitable and sustainable global development, he continued.
Despite the fact that Guyana was a poor country, it had allocated about 2 per cent of its territory for research, conservation and sustainable management of forests. Large tracts of land had been set aside under a national protected areas programme.
The country had also enacted strict legislation to protect its natural heritage from abuse and destruction. It was grossly unfair that small and poor countries should be made to bear disproportionate responsibility for safeguarding the planet, when they were so burdened by debt and other economic and social difficulties. The developed countries must shoulder a fair share of the burden. It was not enough to make pledges, announce initiatives and develop action plans, he said.
It was necessary to ensure that the amount promised was fully delivered and disbursed, he said. It would be most irresponsible to separate poverty and poverty-eradication efforts from discussions of the environment. Accordingly, the declaration and action plan emanating from the Summit must reaffirm the nexus between poverty and sustainable development. Ideally, they should set targets and time frames for meeting international development goals that had been stated in both the Rio and Millennium Declarations.
That challenge demanded decisive action. At stake was the children's future. The conference should call upon States to ratify the Kyoto Protocol as soon as possible, to enable it to enter into force before the end of Those industrial countries that were not acceding to it should at least make an equal contribution towards reducing greenhouse gases.
He said that the key to effective climate protection and to successful economic development was a sustainable energy supply.
He expected participants of the Summit to agree on concrete objectives and measures in that field. In Germany, carbon dioxide emissions had been cut by 19 per cent and a future course had been set with more efficient energy use and massive development of renewable energies. At the global level, he would take three initiatives: Over the next five years, he said, his country would provide million euros to promote cooperation on renewable energies. Without successful poverty alleviation, there would be no global "environmental rescue" and also no lasting peace.
The member States of the European Union would increase public assistance for the global fight against poverty from the current 26 billion euros to a likely 35 billion euros in At least as important as financial aid was free, unhindered access for the developing countries to global markets.
That also implied the dismantling of market-distorting agricultural subsidies. It reaffirmed the link between environment and development and included everybody and all countries in efforts to ensure sustainable development. The real judges of the process were those who went to bed hungry every day, and those countries which had to choose between servicing their external debt and providing sustainable livelihoods for their people and did not determine the prices of their commodities, depending as they must on the merciless market forces.
He said, as a semi-arid country, Namibia attached great importance to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification. For the countries affected by drought and desertification, food security was a core component of sustainable development.
Namibia had stressed the establishment of a drought fund to provide a safety net to farmers and peasants. A serious concern of the developing world pertained to costs and constraints with respect to implementation of Agenda The commitment to the principle of common but differentiated responsibility was not an abdication of duty by the developing countries.
It was an acknowledgement of the unequal benefits nations derived from the global environment and the need to rectify it. It was incompatible with sustainable development to expect compliance from the developing countries with unfair environmental standards, he said.
The widening gap between the rich and poor countries must be reduced through fair trade and investment. Multilateral trade rules could only enhance sustainable development when they were influenced by all countries.
The Summit must effectively address the issue of environmental degradation. Noting that the United Kingdom had succeeded in imposing European Union sanctions against Zimbabwe, he said British colonialists still owned more than 80 per cent of Zimbabwe's land. Sanctions must be lifted immediately.
He was hopeful that the international community would agree at the Summit to provide the Convention to Combat Desertification with substantial and predictable financial resources needed for its implementation. In that connection, he was happy with the emerging consensus to make the Global Environment Facility GEF the financial mechanism of that important Convention and urged the forthcoming GEF Assembly in Beijing to declare the availability of the Facility to play that role.
Having recently declared a state of famine in Lesotho, he appealed to all bilateral and multilateral partners to urgently and generously contribute towards ensuring the success of his Government's initiatives to address the situation.
Such initiatives included a search for sustainable programmes in agriculture, the development of water resources and employment creation. He hoped an international consensus would emerge from the Summit on the key areas that needed to be addressed to achieve a balanced and sustainable development of the planet, as well as realistic, time-bound implementation plan that was adequately supported with the necessary resources.
The solution was sustainable development. So, the issue for the Summit was political will. Everyone also knew the most common characteristic of today's world was interdependence -- one nation's pollution became another's flood and one country's war victims become another's asylum seekers. While there had been some progress during the past decade, Rio had not provided an answer for everything. Indeed, no summit could.
What was clear was that the Johannesburg Summit could, and would, make the world change for the better. He reiterated Britain's commitment to play its part. Indeed the United Kingdom was proud of that commitment and wanted to do more.
It was proud that it would meet or succeed its Kyoto targets. But, more needed to be done. The Summit must set a clear direction for the world's future. Every effort must be made to open up world trade -- primarily the developed world must open up its markets to the products of the developing world, especially agriculture. He said that Great Britain would increase its overall development spending by 50 per cent by That was not charity.
It was an investment in the world's collective future. While all that would not be easy, the fact remained that the effects of deepening poverty and unchecked environmental degradation were calculable.
Yesterday in Mozambique he had seen children who were as bright and eager to learn as any in affluent Britain, but their life chances were stunted by poor health, poor housing and lack of education. If Africa was a scar on the world's conscience, it was up to world leaders to help heal it.
The concept of sustainable development had moved from elite discussions to the centre of the international agenda. Sustainable development was about the very destiny of our planet.
There was a rising awareness that clean air, water and safe foods were a universal need. In a pragmatic spirit, Canada preferred acts to words. Partnerships were the best means to implement sustainable development, but they must be partnerships where no sector of society had a monopoly on virtue. Canadians at all levels, including the civil society and academe, were investing in new ideas and solutions.
Mentioning hydrogen batteries and waste management, he said his country was crating sustainable technologies for tomorrow. Its indigenous peoples were enriching the knowledge of the environment. It must be acknowledged that good governance was one of the preconditions for a sustainable future.
Respect for human rights was also an indispensable aspect of sustainable development and should be one of the pillars in the outcome document. He announced that, as of January , Canada would eliminate import tariffs on almost all products from developing countries. He urged developed nations to make elimination of farm subsidies a top priority. Extreme weather was affecting Inuit and Canadian farmers and, indeed, people the world over.
That underscored the reality of climate change and the imperative for global action. Canada was finalizing a plan to achieve the objectives of the Kyoto Protocol and Parliament would be asked to vote on its ratification before the end of the year. Poverty was a major challenge, leading to overuse and destruction of natural resources where short-term developmental goals were pursued, at the expense of sustainable development.
Poverty eradication was high on Uganda's development agenda. Deliberate efforts had been made to eradicate poverty by, among other things, the provision of universal primary education and basic health services.
In order to achieve sustainable development, he noted the following four requirements: The internal weaknesses in Africa and the double standards of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OECD countries -- they preached free trade but practised protectionism -- ensured that the underdeveloped parts of the globe destroyed the environment through poverty and ignorance. The peasants destroyed the biomass in search of wood fuel, he noted.
That exposed the topsoil to wind and water erosion. It also caused the silting of the floor of water bodies. Only increased consumption of electricity in the backward parts of the globe would end soil erosion and the loss of biomass. Therefore, the "arrogant so-called non-governmental organizations" that interfered with the construction of hydroelectric dams in Uganda were the real enemies of the environment.
In order to meet the objectives of the Rio Declaration and the principles enshrined in Agenda 21, more comprehensive cooperation was needed and more effective mechanisms at national and international levels should be implemented. The entire international community should take steps in Johannesburg to reconfirm those important principles, particularly the eradication of poverty and protection of the environment, based on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.
He also said that a major priority should be to make globalization work for all, which included eliminating inequalities in income. Persisting inequities and deepening poverty were proven breeding grounds for radical idealism and terrorism. He said that the decisions reached at Monterrey last March had provided the financial resources for consistent and sustainable development, and highlighted that good governance was essential to sustainable development. That required fair and equitable decisions at the national level, which reflected the input of civil society, and transparency on the part of international institutions.
United Nations initiatives in that regard must be supported. He said that Turkey sat at the nexus of the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas and, therefore, paid special attention to the development of environmental awareness. Turkey had adopted a national environment plan, on the basis of which it had started to enhance the quality of life, raise environmental awareness and promote economic and social development.
Johannesburg should be seen as an important milestone, marking the beginning of a new era rather than the conclusion of the past decade. It should mark the recommitment of world governments to create secure, healthy societies without harming the environment. The present Summit had the historic opportunity of making headway in ensuring that all reaped the fruits of globalization. The international community must increasingly include all countries and regions in the world economy, for that was the path to sustainable development.
Exclusion, or self-exclusion would lead nowhere. The Summit's success could be measured by credible and concrete targets, goals and timetables, which would mobilize the efforts and means of all. He continued by drawing attention to the world's oceans, stressing that they were a major component of the planet's life support system, a key element of its balance, a driving force of the climate and the hydrological cycle, and a reality not yet completely mapped.
Oceans sustained the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people, provided vital resources for eradicating poverty, ensuring food security and allowing economic prosperity for present and future generations. Oceans were also an avenue of communication and trade among people, as well as a basis for the promising industry of tourism. However, the oceans' ecosystems and resources were continuing to be depleted at an alarming rate, he said.
It was estimated that 6. Therefore, effective auction to improve oceans and coastal management was urgently needed. He advocated an inter-sectoral and integrated management of the oceans, islands and coastal areas imbued with responsibility and precaution.
Political will was needed to deliver concrete efforts and remain in line with the aspirations of sustainable development.
Despite the growing awareness of the risks posed by those trends on the economic and ecological security of the globe, the main changes required for sustainable development had not yet been effected. He underscored the fact that environmental deterioration endangered the very prospects of growth and brought into focus the limits of partial and isolated approaches.
That was why it was essential to consider the various factors that altered natural cycles and affected vital resources, such as air, water, forests, biodiversity, oceans and coasts. The economic and ecological stakes were now global, as they placed in question the future of mankind itself.
It was crucial to reinforce national, regional and global environmental governance, he continued. More specifically, it was necessary to ensure greater harmony in the work of UNEP and the Commission on Sustainable Development and to improve the monitoring bodies of the various conventions.
The recent agreement to develop the GEF into a financial mechanism of the Convention to Combat Desertification, and the replenishment of its resources at an increased level, were encouraging steps and a source of satisfaction for countries experiencing serious problems of drought and desertification.
Humanity was suffering from poor development, in both the North and the South, and the world stood indifferent. The earth and humankind were in danger and everyone was responsible. Europe was beset by natural disasters and health crises. The United States economy, with its often-ravenous appetite for natural resources, seemed to be hit by a crisis of confidence in the way it was managed. Latin America was again shaken by financial and social crises and in Asia, rising pollution evidenced by the brown cloud was spreading and threatening to poison an entire continent.
Africa was plagued by conflicts, AIDS, desertification and famine, and some island countries were seeing their very existence threatened by global warming. That, he continued, entailed collective responsibility. First and foremost, the responsibility lay with the developed countries, which were frontrunners in terms of history, power and their consumption levels.
If the whole of humanity were to behave like the northern countries, it would take two more planets to satisfy the world's needs. It was also the responsibility of the developing countries. Those countries had to admit that there was no other solution for them than to invent a less polluting growth model. Ten years after Rio, there was no reason to celebrate.
The international community, in Johannesburg, should conclude a global alliance for sustainable development. He highlighted five priority areas for action -- climate change, poverty eradication, biological and cultural diversity, production and consumption patterns, and global governance.
As he had stated in Monterrey, an economic and social security council was needed to ensure the cohesion of international action. Also, to better manage the environment and ensure compliance with the Rio principles, a world environmental organization was needed. To check that Agenda 21 and the Johannesburg Plan of Action were applied, he proposed that the Commission on Sustainable Development be vested with the task of evaluation.
France was ready to be the first to be assessed in that way. Today was the time to commit oneself to action. It would be immoral to look passively at the environmental destruction of the world. It was the common task of all to overcome the power of inertia and indifference.
A delicate balance between economic prosperity, environmental protection and social justice must be found. To achieve that, a new paradigm for sustainable development must be developed, based on common but differentiated responsibilities. He proposed creating a fund for biodiversity. Brazil contained the largest mass of biodiversity on earth, and had, a few weeks ago, created the largest protected area of tropical rainforest in the world in the northern Amazon.
He called on the international community to support that initiative. Plans were under way to achieve, by , 10 per cent of total energy from renewable sources. He urged the earliest entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol, and urged all nations, especially from the Group of 8, to sign the Protocol.
Global warning needed to be stopped. Brazil would work together with its partners to put in place concrete measures of cooperation under Kyoto. Development was not sustainable if it was unfair or constrained by an asymmetrical globalization.
The fight required more inclusive international links, and more stable financial flows, among other things. International partnerships to ensure employment must be reinforced.
That's why tariffs and unfair subsidies needed to be fought. Sustainable development was now at the very heart of the international agenda. Effective and comprehensive implementation of Agenda 21 must be the utmost priority. Difficult decisions must be faced, he said, but now was the time to do it, not just for developing countries, but for all nations of the world.
To that end, it had approved a strategic programme aimed at poverty eradication. In order to achieve full-fledged success, all available public resources would be mobilized.
The Government would also seek cooperation at all levels, including within the private sector and civil society. Such cooperation made it possible to include agreed approaches shared by all interested parties in the process.
It also assured active participation in achieving the desires of the population at large. He added that Armenia had also established a national council for sustainable development. He went on to highlight the unique biodiversity of Armenia's lakes, forests and mountains. In order to maintain and preserve that vast diversity, it was clear that assistance would be needed from the wider international community.
Armenia was looking for effective solutions, including the active involvement and partnership of a wide range of partners and donors. He added that Armenia was participating, along with 12 other countries, in the innovative Environment for Europe initiative.
That programme joined the expertise of regional environment ministers working to integrate policies to overcome degradation of the environment. The initiative placed particular emphasis on poverty eradication and protection of water resources.
It was hoped that that membership would help further integrate the country into the global system and help promote sustainable development. He added, however, that Armenia faced some unique challenges, including the continued blockade of transport lines, and the difficulties posed by hosting more than , refugees, driven out of Azerbaijan as result of ethnic cleansing.
He was convinced that the Summit's outcome would be the basis of the active participation of all in efforts to eradicate poverty and protect the environment. While the HIPC Initiative was a step towards alleviating the debt burden, which was responsible for massive outflows of scarce development resources from developing nations, many highly indebted countries, including Kenya, did not benefit from it.
Kenya proposed that countries facing high levels of poverty and debt burdens qualify for debt relief. Although globalization had the potential for diverse opportunities, its benefits were more unevenly distributed, he said. Its costs were borne by all, while its benefits and opportunities were concentrated in a small number of countries in the North.
Globalization must be channeled into a positive force for all the world's peoples. Resource mobilization through development initiatives should, therefore, occupy center-stage to liberate Africa from poverty and underdevelopment. The Summit must put in place an effective institutional framework that would ensure the timely implementation of the plan of action, he stressed. They should be provided with adequate and predictable resources to enable them to carry out their mandate fully and effectively.
Despite vigorous economic reforms, economic indicators in his country had remained low. One in five children died before the age of five. Also, half of the boys and one girl out of three did not have access to education. It was an alarming picture, which could apply to many other developing countries.