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In chickens it is formed from the layers of secretions of the anterior section of the hen's oviduct during the passage of the egg. The primary natural purpose of egg white is to protect the yolk and provide additional nutrition for the growth of the embryo when fertilized. Egg white has many uses in food e. Egg white makes up around two-thirds of a chicken egg by weight. It contains no cholesterol and the energy content is about 17 Calories.
Ovalbumin is the most abundant protein in albumen. Ovalbumin in solution is heat-resistant. At its isoelectric pH 6. These metal complexes are more heat stable than the native state. Ovomucoid is the major allergen from egg white and is a heat-resistant glycoprotein found to be a trypsin inhibitor. Lysozyme is a holoprotein which can lyse the wall of certain Gram-positive bacteria and is found at high levels in the chalaziferous layer and the chalazae which anchor the yolk towards the middle of the egg.
Ovomucin is a glycoprotein which may contribute to the gel-like structure of thick albumen. The amount of ovomucin in the thick albumen is four times greater than in the thin albumen. The physical stress of beating egg whites can create a foam.
Two types of physical stress are caused by beating them with a whisk, the first of which occurs as the whisk drags the liquid through itself, creating a force that unfolds the protein molecules. This process is called denaturation. The second stress comes from the mixing of air into the whites, which causes the proteins to come out of their natural state.
These denatured proteins gather together where the air and water meet and create multiple bonds with the other unraveled proteins, and thus become a foam, holding the incorporated air in place, because the proteins consist of amino acids; some are hydrophilic attracted to water and some are hydrophobic repelled by water.
This process is called coagulation. When beating egg whites, they are classified in three stages according to the peaks they form when the beater is lifted: Overbeaten eggs take on a dry appearance, and eventually collapse. Egg whites do not beat up correctly if they are exposed to any form of fat, such as cooking oils or the fats contained in egg yolk. Copper bowls have been used in France since the 18th century to stabilize egg foams. The copper in the bowl assists in creating a tighter bond in reactive sulfur items such as egg whites.
The bond created is so tight that the sulfurs are prevented from reacting with any other material. A silver-plated bowl has the same result as the copper bowl, as will a pinch of powdered copper supplement from a health store used in a glass bowl.
Drawbacks of the copper bowl include the expense of the bowl itself, and the bowls are difficult to keep clean. Copper contamination from the bowl is minimal, as a cup of foam contains a tenth of a human's normal daily intake level. Although egg whites are prized as a source of low-fat, high-protein nutrition, a small number of people cannot eat them. Egg allergy is more common among infants than adults, and most children will outgrow it by the age of five. Eggs are susceptible to Salmonella contamination.
Thorough cooking eliminates the direct threat i. In August , the FDA ordered the recall of million eggs because of possible Salmonella contamination. Egg white is a fining agent that can be used in the clarification and stabilization of wine. Egg white can also be added to shaken cocktails to create a delicate froth.
Some protein powders also use egg whites as a primary source of protein. In the s, egg whites were believed to prevent swelling, and were used for that purpose.
To help soothe areas of skin that were afflicted, egg white mixed with Armenic bole could help restore the fibers. Egg whites were also used in the bookbinding process, to attach the gold to a bound spine, known as glairing, and also to give a book cover shine. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Albumen disambiguation. For the musician, see Eg White. The Journal of Pediatrics. On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Scribner, , edited by Vinay.
Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! Pediatric Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. What you need to know". Retrieved September 14, Translated by Abigail Wendler Bainbridge. Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, Accessed 31 March Bird Fish and amphibian Monotreme.
Cephalopod Fish Reptile dinosaur Pathology. Sex hormone-binding globulin Transferrin. Beta-lactoglobulin Lactoferrin Thyroglobulin Alpha-lactalbumin 11S globulin family seeds 7S globulin family seeds.
Human serum albumin Bovine serum albumin Prealbumin. C-reactive protein Lactalbumin Alpha-lactalbumin Parvalbumin Ricin. Retrieved from " https: Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons.
This page was last edited on 30 December , at By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. List of egg topics. Egg white Conalbumin Ovalbumin Avidin.