How to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type

Detecting 64 bit vs 32 bit

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Then choose to start profiling F7. In the profiling dialog, enter the full path to your DLL in the "Program arguments" field. For "Starting directory", you may wish to enter the directory that the DLL resides in. Check the options you wish to use and press Ok. EXE, you can see more types of runtime errors. Dependency Walker seems to only show some of my application's dependencies.

Why doesn't it show all of them? When you first open a module in Dependency Walker, it only shows implicit, forwarded, and delay-load dependencies. Many dependencies are loaded dynamically and will not be detected until you profile the application from within Dependency Walker. Why am I seeing a lot of applications where MPR. I also get a "Warning: At least one module has an unresolved import due to a missing export function in a delay-load dependent module" message.

Missing delay-load functions are not a problem as long as the calling DLL is prepared to handle the situation. Dependency Walker flags all potential problems as it cannot detect if an application intends to handle the issue. This warning can be ignored. DLL showing up in yellow missing module and I get a "Warning: At least one delay-load dependency module was not found" message?

Missing delay-load dependencies are not a problem as long as the calling DLL is prepared to handle the missing module. DLL is prepared to handle it. Where can I get it from? If you see this warning, you most likely installed Internet Explorer 6. Can Dependency Walker help me figure out why my component won't register? Many modules need to be "registered" on a computer before they will work. EXE or something similar.

If you just open your DLL in Dependency Walker, you may or may not see a problem, depending on the type of registration failure. My application runs better when being profiled by Dependency Walker than when I run it by itself. I've had several reports of applications that normally crash, will not crash when being profiled under Dependency Walker.

Dependency Walker acts as a debugger when you are profiling your application. This in itself, makes your program run differently. First, there is the overhead how to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type Dependency Walker that slows the execution of your application down.

If your application is crashing due to some race condition, this slow down alone might be enough to avoid the race condition. If this is the case, it is a design issue of the application and you are just getting lucky when it doesn't crash. Second, normally when threads block on critical sections, events, semaphores, mutexes, etc.

This is not guaranteed by the OS, but is usually the case. When being run under a debugger, FIFO queues are sometimes randomized, so threads may block and resume in a different order than they would when not running under a debugger.

This might how to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type relieving a race condition or altering the execution enough to make things work. Again, the application is just getting lucky when it doesn't crash. Finally, applications running under the debugger automatically get a system debug heap. All memory functions are handled slightly different. Allocations might also be laid out differently in memory then when not under the debugger.

So, if you are writing past the end of a buffer under the debugger, you might be trashing guard bytes, freed memory, or just something not very critical. However, when not running under the debugger, you might be trashing something critical like a pointerand your app crashes. For the debug heap, you can turn this off in Dependency Walker how to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type see if your application crashes when being profiled.

To do this, start a command prompt. Then start Dependency Walker from that command line. This should disable the debug heap for that instance of Dependency Walker. Note, this only works on Windows XP and beyond.

For most functions, this information is simply not present in the module. The Windows' module file format only provides a single text string to identify each function. There is no structured way to list the number of parameters, the parameter types, or the return type.

However, some languages do something called function "decoration" or "mangling", which is the process of encoding information into the text string. The 8 refers to the number of bytes used by the parameters. Many compilers "decorate" function names by default.

Because of this, each function must have a unique signature string since exporting just the name would cause a name conflict. My application seems to run just fine during profiling, however, I see errors in the log view and red or yellow icons in the other views. It is fairly normal to see errors or warnings during profiling. One common error seen is how to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type one module tries to dynamically load another module using one of the LoadLibrary functionsbut the module is not found.

Dependency Walker makes a note of this failure, but if the application is prepared for the failure, then this is not a problem. Another common error is when a module tries to dynamically locate a function using GetProcAddress in a module.

Again, this is not a problem if the application is prepared for the failure. You may also see first-chance exceptions occur in the log view. If the application handles the exceptions and they don't turn into second-chance exceptions, then this is not a problem.

All these cases are normal, and can usually be ignored. However, if the application you are profiling crashes or fails to run properly, then the errors may provide some insight as to what caused the problem. Wow, my application depends on all those files? Which ones do I need to redistribute with my application?

For starters, there are certain modules you should never redistribute with your application, such as kernel TXT on your development computer. You can also look up "redistributable files" and "redist. What does "Shared module not hooked" mean, and why are some module's DllMain calls never being logged? The result is that Dependency Walker cannot log information about function calls in those modules.

Why do some modules show up more than once under a single parent module? Dependency Walker may show a module more than once to inform you that it is a dependency for more than one reason. It is possible for a module to show up as an implicitly linked dependency, a forwarded dependency, and a dynamic dependency, all under a single parent module. See the Module Dependency Tree View for more details. In reality, only one copy of the module resides in memory during run-time. Dependency Walker can how to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type run as a graphical application or as a console application.

When the console mode option is used, Dependency Walker can process a module, save the results, and exit without any graphical interface or user prompting. See the Command Line Options section for more information. Dependency Walker will work with any bit or bit Windows module, regardless of what language was used to develop it.

However, many how to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type have their own way to specify dependency relationships between modules.

For example, COM modules may have embedded type libraries and registration information in the registry, and. NET modules may use. These techniques are all implemented as layers above the core Windows API.

In the end, these layers still need to call down to the core Windows functions like LoadLibrary and GetProcAddress to do the actual work. It is at this core level that Dependency Walker understands what is going on.

So, while Dependency Walker may not understand all the language specific complexities of your application, it will still be able to track all module activity at a core Windows API level.

How to check if a application .exe file is 16-bit/ 32-bit or 64-bit type Walker will work with any bit or bit Windows module. There are bit and bit versions Dependency Walker. All versions are capable or opening bit and bit modules. However, there are major advantages to using the bit Dependency Walker to process bit modules and the bit Dependency Walker to process bit modules.

This is especially true when running on a bit version of Windows, which allows execution of both bit and bit programs.

The bit subsystem on bit Windows known as "WOW64" has its own private registry, "AppPaths", "KnownDlls", system folders, and manifest processing. Only the bit version of Dependency Walker can access this bit environment, which is needed to accurately process a bit module. Likewise, only the bit version of Dependency Walker can fully access the bit environment, so it should always be used for processing bit modules. The profiling option works by actually executing your application and watching it to see what it loads.

In order for this to be possible, you need to have opened an executable usually has an EXE extension rather than a DLL. The profiling feature also requires that the executable you have loaded is for the same CPU architecture as the version of Dependency Walker you are currently running.

For example, you need the bit x86 version of Dependency Walker to profile a bit x86 executable, and the bit x64 version of Dependency Walker to profile a bit x64 executable.

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This is possible due to the segmented memory model of the early x86 line. The segment register would be set by DOS and the COM file would be expected to respect this setting and not ever change the segment registers.

The offset registers, however, were fair game and served for COM files the same purpose as a modern bit register. The programs could perform 'near' jumps by just giving an offset to jump to. The space before that would be used for passing data to and from DOS for example, the contents of the command line used to invoke the program.

Note that COM files, by definition, cannot be bit. Typical memory models were:. The Win32 SDK contains a file, winnt. Some functions for manipulating PE files are also included in imagehlp. PE files are broken down into various sections which can be examined. In a Windows environment, executable modules can be loaded at any point in memory, and are expected to run without problem.

To allow multiple programs to be loaded at seemingly random locations in memory, PE files have adopted a tool called RVA: RVAs assume that the "base address" of where a module is loaded into memory is not known at compile time. So, PE files describe the location of data in memory as an offset from the base address , wherever that may be in memory.

Some processor instructions require the code itself to directly identify where in memory some data is. This is not possible when the location of the module in memory is not known at compile time. The solution to this problem is described in the section on "Relocations". It is important to remember that the addresses obtained from a disassembly of a module will not always match up to the addresses seen in a debugger as the program is running.

The PE portable executable file format includes a number of informational headers, and is arranged in the following format:. Open any Win32 binary executable in a hex editor, and note what you see: To some people, the first few bytes in a file that determine the type of file are called the "magic number," although this book will not use that term, because there is no rule that states that the "magic number" needs to be a single number.

Sometimes this is also known as File Signature. After the File ID, the hex editor will show several bytes of either random-looking symbols, or whitespace, before the human-readable string "This program cannot be run in DOS mode".

To ensure either a backwards compatibility, or b graceful decline of new file types, Microsoft has written a series of machine instructions an example program is listed below the DOS header structure into the head of each PE file.

When a bit Windows file is run in a bit DOS environment, the program will display the error message: Here is the DOS header presented as a C data structure:. Listed below is a commented example of that program, it was taken from a program compiled with GCC. DOS will print the error message and terminate, but Windows will follow this pointer to the next batch of information. This signature shows that a this file is a legitimate PE file, and b the byte order of the file.

Byte order will not be considered in this chapter, and all PE files are assumed to be in "little endian" format. The COFF header has some information that is useful to an executable, and some information that is more useful to an object file.

There are two different versions of the optional header depending on whether or not the file is 64 bit or 32 bit.

The Optional header includes lots and lots of information that can be used to pick apart the file structure, and obtain some useful information about it. This wikibook separates them out for convenience.

Immediately after the PE Optional Header we find a section table. Each structure is 40 bytes in length. Pictured below is a hex dump from a program I am writing depicting the section table:. A PE loader will place the sections of the executable image at the locations specified by these section descriptors relative to the base address and usually the alignment is 0x, which matches the size of pages on the x Whenever a developer writes a program, there are a number of subroutines and functions which are expected to be implemented already, saving the writer the hassle of having to write out more code or work with complex data structures.

Instead, the coder need only declare one call to the subroutine, and the linker will decide what happens next. There are two types of linking that can be used: Static uses a library of precompiled functions. This precompiled code can be inserted into the final executable to implement a function, saving the programmer a lot of time. In contrast, dynamic linking allows subroutine code to reside in a different file or module , which is loaded at runtime by the operating system.

This is also known as a "Dynamically linked library", or DLL. A library is a module containing a series of functions or values that can be exported.

This is different from the term executable , which imports things from libraries to do what it wants. From here on, "module" means any file of PE format, and a "Library" is any module which exports and imports functions and values. This section discusses how this is achieved using the PE file format. An important point to note at this point is that anything can be imported or exported between modules, including variables as well as subroutines.

The downside of dynamically linking modules together is that, at runtime, the software which is initialising an executable must link these modules together. For various reasons, you cannot declare that "The function in this dynamic library will always exist in memory here ". If that memory address is unavailable or the library is updated, the function will no longer exist there, and the application trying to use it will break. Instead, each module library or executable must declare what functions or values it exports to other modules, and also what it wishes to import from other modules.

As said above, a module cannot declare where in memory it expects a function or value to be. Instead, it declares where in its own memory it expects to find a pointer to the value it wishes to import. This permits the module to address any imported value, wherever it turns up in memory.

Exports are functions and values in one module that have been declared to be shared with other modules. This is done through the use of the "Export Directory", which is used to translate between the name of an export or "Ordinal", see below , and a location in memory where the code or data can be found. All export data must exist in the same section. The directory is headed by the following structure:.

The "Characteristics" value is generally unused, TimeDateStamp describes the time the export directory was generated, MajorVersion and MinorVersion should describe the version details of the directory, but their nature is undefined.

These values have little or no impact on the actual exports themselves. Each exported value has both a name and an "ordinal" a kind of index. The actual exports themselves are described through AddressOfFunctions, which is an RVA to an array of RVAs, each pointing to a different function or value to be exported.

The size of this array is in the value NumberOfFunctions. Each of these functions has an ordinal. This is also of size NumberOfNames, but each value is a 16 bit word, each value being an ordinal.

These two arrays are parallel and are used to get an export value from AddressOfFunctions. To find an export by name, search the AddressOfNames array for the correct string and then take the corresponding value from the AddressOfNameOrdinals array. This value is then used as index to AddressOfFunctions yes, it's 0-based index actually, NOT base-biased ordinal, as the official documentation suggests!

As well as being able to export functions and values in a module, the export directory can forward an export to another library. This allows more flexibility when re-organising libraries: If so, an export can be forwarded to that library, instead of messy reorganising inside the original module. Forwarding is achieved by making an RVA in the AddressOfFunctions array point into the section which contains the export directory, something that normal exports should not do.

ExportName" for the appropriate place to forward this export to. The other half of dynamic linking is importing functions and values into an executable or other module.

Before runtime, compilers and linkers do not know where in memory a value that needs to be imported could exist. The import table solves this by creating an array of pointers at runtime, each one pointing to the memory location of an imported value.

This array of pointers exists inside of the module at a defined RVA location. In this way, the linker can use addresses inside of the module to access values outside of it. Each of these identify a library or module that has a value we need to import.

The array continues until an entry where all the values are zero. The structure is as follows:. The TimeDateStamp is relevant to the act of "Binding", see below. ForwarderChain will be explained later. The arrays are terminated with an entry that is equal to zero. These two arrays are parallel and point to the same structure, in the same order.

The reason for this will become apparent shortly. This is used when looking up a value in the export directory see above through the AddressOfNames array. The "Hint" value is an index into the AddressOfNames array; to save searching for a string, the loader first checks the AddressOfNames entry corresponding to "Hint".

These descriptors identify a library to import things from. Using the above import directory at runtime, the loader finds the appropriate modules, loads them into memory, and seeks the correct export.

However, to be able to use the export, a pointer to it must be stored somewhere in the importing module's memory. Once an imported value has been resolved, the pointer to it is stored in the FirstThunk array. It can then be used at runtime to address imported values.

The PE file format also supports a peculiar feature known as "binding". The process of loading and resolving import addresses can be time consuming, and in some situations this is to be avoided. If a developer is fairly certain that a library is not going to be updated or changed, then the addresses in memory of imported values will not change each time the application is loaded.

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