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While anyone who has ever worked in trading knows that a chart like this often ends in a world of pain, there is a growing sense that Bitcoin, or another math-based currency like it, is here to stay. These are huge multibillion dollars companies. On top of that, the currency is starting to become a speculative asset for well-heeled investors that want a gold-like hedge against U.

They say they own 1 percent of all Bitcoins in circulation. With that growing acceptance, VCs are betting that Bitcoin will need a more reliable ecosystem of payments processors, exchanges, wallets and financial instruments. The funding rounds are still small and exploratory, ranging from a few hundred thousand dollars in seed money to a few million.

But they do underscore real VC interest in the space. It is the work of a mysterious, pseudonymous hacker called Satoshi Nakamoto who was clearly frustrated with the fallout of the financial crisis when central banks cut interest rates to zero or near zero and the U.

In contrast, Bitcoin was designed to have a mathematically predictable, fixed supply that increases until sometime around the year In that sense, its behavior is somewhere in between that of a commodity and currency. With its recent surge, Bitcoin has behaved like a store of value, but its volatility and proneness to deflation undermine it as a medium of exchange. Yet a fervent, core following has helped Bitcoin gain gradual, broader acceptance.

While building the version of his Bitcoin payments processor, Shrem absconded to a remote town in Southern Norway for months while crashing with a hacker friend named Polynomial he had never met in real-life.

I just took that risk, flew out of meet him and he was the nicest guy in the whole world. Some Bitcoin founders are driven less by ideological passion and more by personal experience — especially if they grew up in countries with unstable currencies. We in the U. Wences Casares, a Bitcoin enthusiast and miner who runs mobile wallet startup Lemon, is the son of Patagonian sheep ranchers who lost their life savings in the s to hyper-inflation during the Carlos Menem years in Argentina.

He got into Bitcoin two years ago and is looking for ways to bring it to smartphone platforms. It feels like the Internet before the browser. Even the best-known Bitcoin exchange in the world, Mt. Because of the global nature of Bitcoin, it will be interesting to see how Silicon Valley fares as the currency matures.

While the Valley has been at the center of the last waves of innovation in social networking and in new smartphone platforms like Android and iOS, it is just one geographic node out of many in the Bitcoin universe. Kenna chose to relocate from South America to Silicon Valley to be close to investors. He said he came to the Valley to do TradeHill the right way in recruiting a technical co-founder from Google named Miron Cuperman who had worked on PCI compliance and privacy.

But others are staying where they are. One of the most interesting startups to watch will be OpenCoin, which has one of the most pedigreed teams. OpenCoin, run by Chris Larsen, has created an alternate math-based currency called the Ripple. Along with operating an exchange for Bitcoin and national currencies like the dollar, OpenCoin supports an alternate math-based currency called the Ripple. The startup has a really unusual business model; the number of Ripples in the world is fixed at billion but OpenCoin has bestowed upon itself a fraction of that.

The company intends to give away as many Ripples as it can. If the startup develops enough support and infrastructure for the currency that people starting putting trust in it, the currency will strengthen.

It feels analogous to the business models of other open-source companies. Nakamoto designed it this way. At this point though, the network supporting Bitcoin is so large that it would not only cost tens of millions dollars to bring Bitcoin down, the supply of hardware necessary to do Bitcoin mining is so limited and expensive that it would be logistically difficult to pull off.

For investors who are still trying to figure out how to wrap their heads around Bitcoin, there are plenty of concerns: Regulatory risk was cleared up a bit last month when the U. Exchanges, on the other hand, look like they will need to get a money transmitter license. Security is a constant concern.

Bitcoin transactions are irreversible and anonymous, which makes the currency an ideal target for hackers. Once Bitcoin is stolen, reclaiming it is pretty much impossible. There have been several wallets that have shut down after attacks over the past few years. Liew estimates that somewhere around 10 percent of all Bitcoins have been lost or stolen at some point.

Even the biggest exchange, Mt. Gox, suffered lags last week as the company coped with a massive distributed denial of service attack. When Kenna launched the first version of TradeHill, he said he was constantly getting hit by hacking attempts out of Russia. A suit between the two companies is still ongoing. The last investor risk is around whether people will increasingly have faith in Bitcoin itself.

For now, the currency spikes with every bit of media attention and companies like WordPress are starting to accept it. The irony is that if an ecosystem of trusted third-party Bitcoin wallets, banks and exchanges succeeds, it goes against the original peer-to-peer design of Bitcoin that Nakamoto envisioned. The point of Bitcoin was not to have to rely on a third-party financial institution. He mysteriously disappeared two years ago, saying that he had moved onto other projects. Nobody ever figured out who Nakamoto was.

An Unusual World Few of the Bitcoin entrepreneurs fit the typical psychological profile of a Valley founder.