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Liquid nitrogen is nitrogen in a liquid state at an extremely low temperature. It is a colorless clear liquid with a density of 0. Liquid nitrogen is a diatomic liquid, which means that the diatomic character of the covalent N bonding in N 2 gas is retained after liquefaction. Liquid nitrogen is a cryogenic fluid that can cause rapid freezing on contact with living tissue. When appropriately insulated from ambient heatliquid nitrogen can be stored and transported, for example in vacuum flasks.
Depending on the size and design, the holding time of vacuum flasks ranges from a few hours to a few liquid nitrogen pumper. This effect, known as the Leidenfrost effectapplies to any liquid in contact with an object significantly hotter than its boiling point. Faster cooling may be obtained by plunging an object into a slush of liquid and solid nitrogen rather than liquid nitrogen alone.
Liquid nitrogen is a compact and readily transported source of dry nitrogen gas, as it does not require pressurization.
Further, its ability to maintain temperatures far below the freezing point of water makes it extremely useful in a wide range of applications, primarily as an open-cycle refrigerantincluding:. The culinary use of liquid nitrogen is mentioned in an recipe book titled Fancy Ices authored by Mrs. Agnes Marshall[14] but has been employed in more recent times by restaurants in the preparation of frozen desserts, such liquid nitrogen pumper ice cream, which can liquid nitrogen pumper created liquid nitrogen pumper moments at the table because of the speed at which it cools food.
Because the liquid-to-gas expansion ratio of nitrogen is 1: As a result of the subsequent pressure buildup, the tank failed catastrophically. The force of the explosion was sufficient to propel the tank through the ceiling immediately above it, shatter a reinforced concrete beam immediately below it, and blow the walls of the laboratory 0. Because of its extremely low temperature, careless handling of liquid nitrogen and any objects cooled by it may result in cold burns.
In that case, special gloves should be used while handling. However, liquid nitrogen pumper small splash or even pouring down skin will not burn immediately because of the Leidenfrost liquid nitrogen pumperthe evaporating gas thermally insulates to some extent, like touching a hot element very briefly with a wet finger.
If the liquid nitrogen manages to pool anywhere, it will burn severely. As liquid nitrogen evaporates it reduces liquid nitrogen pumper oxygen concentration in the air and can act as an asphyxiantespecially in confined spaces. Nitrogen is odorless, colorless, and tasteless and may produce asphyxia without any sensation or prior warning. Oxygen sensors are sometimes used as a safety precaution when working with liquid nitrogen to alert workers of gas spills into a confined space. Vessels containing liquid nitrogen can condense oxygen from air.
Ingestion of liquid nitrogen can cause severe internal damage, due to freezing of the tissues which come in contact with it and to the volume of gaseous nitrogen evolved as the liquid is warmed by body heat. Ina physics student demonstrating the Leidenfrost effect by holding liquid nitrogen in his mouth accidentally swallowed the substance, resulting in near-fatal injuries. This liquid nitrogen pumper apparently the first case in medical literature of liquid nitrogen ingestion.
Liquid nitrogen is produced commercially from the cryogenic distillation of liquified air or from the liquefication of pure nitrogen derived from air using pressure swing adsorption. An air compressor is used to compress filtered air to high pressure; the high-pressure gas is cooled back to ambient temperature, and allowed to expand to liquid nitrogen pumper low pressure.
The expanding air cools greatly the Joule—Thomson effectand oxygen, nitrogen, and argon liquid nitrogen pumper separated by further stages of expansion and distillation. Small-scale production of liquid nitrogen is easily achieved using this principle. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For the natural logarithm of 2, see Natural logarithm of 2. Retrieved October 2, The Book of Overclocking: Satellite Thermal Control for System Engineers. How dangerous is liquid nitrogen?
Retrieved 9 October Retrieved 12 October Archived from the original reprint on The Safe Use of Liquid nitrogen Dewars up to 50 litres. Archived at the Wayback Machine. Birkbeck, University of London. Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth. Archived from the original on 22 February Retrieved liquid nitrogen pumper October Retrieved from " https: Webarchive template wayback links Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism All liquid nitrogen pumper with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Articles containing video clips.
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