Ethereum Mining 101: Your Complete Guide

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These are tools for blockchain developers. The command line tools will allow you to connect your server to or run your application on the Ethereum blockchain — or your own private blockchain. For security purposesthree independent implementations were created for Ethereum. The clients have almost identical functionality, so the one you pick is left to personal choice on platform, language and what your planned use is for the network.

If you are building a business that needs to have maximum uptime guarantees to the Ethereum network, we recommend that you run at least one instance of two distinct clients to ensure reliability. The Go implementation is called Geth. Geth has been audited for security and will be the future basis for the enduser-facing Mist Browserso if you have experience with web development and are interested in building frontends for dapps, you should experiment with Geth. Download the latest stable binaryextract it, download the zip file, extract geth.

For more, see the full documentation on Windows Geth. For other environments and more instruction, see the full documentation on Geth. The cpp-ethereum documentation has detailed information on Building Windows from Source. The Python implementation is called Pyethapp. If you are interested in understanding how Ethereum works and how to extend it, the code base of this client is probably the most readable and has a great contract tester library with fast development cycles.

It is not meant for high-end usage as performance in this client is not as high priority as clarity and reliability. If you are a Python developer that wants to build decentralized apps or are interested in Ethereum for research or an academic purpose, this is a great client: Geth and Eth are multipurpose command line tools that run a full Ethereum node.

They offer multiple interfaces: For the purposes of this guide, we will focus on the console, a JavaScript environment that contains all of the main features that you probably ethereum wallet start mining business. Depending on your client, paste either of these commands:. Eth might take some time to start up.

The first time you start the command line you will be presented with a license. Before you can use it, you must accept this license, please read ethereum wallet start mining business carefully. Read further to find out how to deploy a private test network without spending your ether.

Sometimes you might not want to connect to the live public network; instead you can choose to create your own private testnet. This is very useful if you don't need to test public contracts and want just to try- or develop on the technology. Since you are the only member of your private network you are responsible for finding all blocks, validating all transactions and executing all smart contracts.

This makes development cheaper and easier as you have the ability to flexibly control the inclusion of transactions in your own personal blockchain. Replace with any random number you want to use as the network ID. Ethereum wallet start mining business a good idea ethereum wallet start mining business change the content of the genesis block because if someone accidentally connects to your testnet using the real chain, your local copy will be considered a stale fork and updated to the "real" one.

Changing the datadir also changes your local copy of the blockchain, otherwise, in order to successfully mine a block, you would need to mine against the difficulty of the last block present in your local copy of the blockchain - which may take several hours.

If you want to create a private network you should, for security reasons, use a different genesis block a database that contains all the transactions from the Ether sales. You can read our announcement blog post on how to generate your file. In the near future we will provide better ways to get other genesis blocks.

These commands prevent anyone who doesn't know your chosen — secret — nonce, network id and genesis file, from connecting to you or providing you with unwanted data. If you want to connect to other peers and create a small private network of multiple computers they will all need to use the same networkid ethereum wallet start mining business an identical genesis block.

You will also have to help each node find the others. To do that, first you need your own Node URL:. Which will return your node url - make a note of it and then on the other clients, tell them to ethereum wallet start mining business your peer by executing this command:. You don't need to add every client to one another, as once connected, they will share information about any ethereum wallet start mining business peers they are connected to.

If you are using Eth then simply figure out your IP and execute this command:. If you are running Geth you'll notice that there are many log entries popping up on your console - sometimes while you type. This is because all warnings and progress information are logged live into your terminal by the client.

If you want to save the logs to a file you can view later, use this command:. Geth supports multiple terminal windows and you may ethereum wallet start mining business a new one with the logs in one and your console in another. This will give you the exact same functionality as the original console, but without the clutter. To do this open a new terminal window and input:. The console has auto completion of commands and command-history support that persists between sessions.

You can complete a command by pressing the tab key, geth will then auto complete the current statement or show a list of available completions when multiple completions are possible. You can navigate your command history by using the up and down arrow keys. In order to do anything on an Ethereum network you need ether, and to get it, you will need to create an account.

There are various ways to go around thisbut the simplest one ethereum wallet start mining business through the console. If you were running Ethereum during the olympic phase or earlier in the development, do not reuse keys generated before the release of the Frontier client software 1. Backup those keys, and create new ones using the Frontier release clients. Pick up a good passphrase and write it down. If you lose the passphrase you used to encrypt your account, you will not be able to access that account.

There are no safety nets. It is NOT possible to access your account without a valid passphrase and there is no "forgot my password" option here. See this XKCD for details. You may create as many or as few accounts as you ethereum wallet start mining business.

By convention we call the first account you create your primary account. You can see all your accounts with the command:. The ordering of the accounts reflects the time of their creation. The files are encrypted with your passphrase and should ethereum wallet start mining business backed up if they contain any amount of ether.

Note, however, if you transfer individual key files, the order of accounts presented may change and you may not end up the same account on the same position.

So be aware that relying on account index is sound only as long as you do not copy external keyfiles to your keystore. All commands ethereum wallet start mining business the console are actually in JavaScript, so you can create variables and daisy chain functions. You now have a variable called primaryAccount that you can use in other calls.

To get the balance of any account, use the function eth. Your balance should return 0, since you just created it. In order to do the next steps you need to ethereum wallet start mining business some ether in your account so you can pay the gas costs. In the next section you'll learn what gas is, and how you can interact with the network.

The command line tools are JavaScript environments, which means you can create functions just like you would in JavaScript. For example, if you want to check the balance of all your accounts at once, use this JavaScript code snippet. It will iterate over each of your accounts and print their balance in ether, you can use the following code:. Once you executed the line above, all you need to check all of your balances is to call the below function:.

If you have never created any contracts in Ethereum before, this is where you should start. Learn More What is Ethereum? Clients For security purposesthree independent implementations were created for Ethereum. Geth The Go implementation is called Geth. Install on Mac Install Homebrew and make sure it's up to date: If you use Apt-get, paste this into the terminal: Install on Windows The cpp-ethereum documentation has detailed information on Building Windows from Source. Python The Python implementation is called Pyethapp.

Other Options Parity Ethereum a Rust implementation by Parity Technologies A Haskell implementation developed by Blockapps If you are interested in developing a light application ethereum wallet start mining business will run entirely in a web browser, then we recommend using EthereumJS as a basis.

If you want to create a small hardware project, look into the implementation for the Raspberry Pi If you want to install geth for non-ubuntu linux then we recommend you look into building from source If ethereum wallet start mining business want more flexibility on the Mac, try Homebrew Run it Geth and Eth are multipurpose command line tools that run a full Ethereum node.

Depending on your client, paste either of these commands: Eth still has a built-in console, but it will be removed soon. Start it using eth and then use either geth attach if you also have geth or the following npm console. Connecting to a private test net Sometimes you might not want to connect to the live public network; instead you can choose to create your own private testnet.

To do that, first you need your own Ethereum wallet start mining business URL: If you are using Eth then simply figure out your IP and execute this command: If you want to save the logs to a file you can view later, use this command: To do this open a new terminal window and input: Learn More on Running a node Backup and restore Connecting to the network Usage examples Creating accounts In order to do anything on an Ethereum network you need ether, and to get it, you will need to create an account.

You can see all your accounts with the command: Get the balance of any account All commands on the console are actually in JavaScript, so you can create variables and daisy chain functions.

Try this for example: Check All Balances at once The command line tools are JavaScript environments, which means you can create functions just like you would in JavaScript. It will iterate over each of your accounts and print their balance in ether, you can use the following code:

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Ether is a necessary element — a fuel — for operating the distributed application platform Ethereum. It is a form of payment made by the clients of the platform to the machines executing the requested operations. To put it another way, ether is the incentive ensuring that developers write quality applications wasteful code costs more , and that the network remains healthy people are compensated for their contributed resources.

If you just want to test the technology, you probably don't need real ether. Download the latest Wallet app and switch to the Test Network. The total supply of ether and its rate of issuance was decided by the donations gathered on the presale.

The results were roughly:. Note that after the Byzantium update is implemented, the mining and uncle reward is reduced to 3 ethers and 0. This means that while the absolute issuance is fixed, the relative inflation is decreased every year.

In theory, if this issuance was kept indefinitely then at some point the rate of new tokens created every year would reach the average amount lost yearly by misuse, accidental key lost, the death of holders etc and there would reach an equilibrium. But the rate is not expected to be kept: The exact method of issuance and which function it will serve is an area of active research, but what can be guaranteed now is that 1 the current maximum is considered a ceiling and the new issuance under casper will not exceed it and is expected to be much less and 2 whatever method is ultimately picked to issue, it will be a decentralized smart contract that will not give preferential treatment to any particular group of people and whose purpose is to benefit the overall health and security of the network.

Developers who intend to build apps that will use the ethereum blockchain. Users who want to access and interact with smart contracts on the ethereum blockchain. The Ethereum Wallet includes an easy presale import. Download it and it will offer that option automatically. This will prompt for your password and imports your ether presale account. It can be used non-interactively with the --password option taking a password file as argument containing the wallet password in cleartext.

If this does not work, please do not hesitate in contacting us on our forums , reddit or at info at ethereum. If you don't feel comfortable securing your ether right now but just want to check that your presale wallet is included in the blockchain, then use our online balance checker. The Ethereum network is kept running by computers all over the world.

In order to reward the computational costs of both processing the contracts and securing the network, there is a reward that is given to the computer that was able to create the latest block on the chain.

Every 15 seconds, on average, a new block is added to the blockchain with the latest transactions processed by the network and the computer that generated this block will be awarded 3 ether.

Due to the nature of the algorithm for block generation, this process generating a proof of work is guaranteed to be random and rewards are given in proportion to the computational power of each machine. If you are on a private network and if you just want to test the technology for free, you should then any normal computer with a normal CPU will be able to run the network and earn test ether ether that is only redeemable on the test network where it was generated through mining. This is the best choice for small-scale network or testing privately, as it's less resource intensive.

On the real or live test network a normal desktop or laptop computer might take a very long time to successfully mine a block and receive ether. Before you do any mining, you need to set which address will receive your earnings called "etherbase".

You only need to do this once. Here's how to set your etherbase and then start mining:. Its goal is to protect miners like yourself so that you will only ever need your home computer to remain competitive. The DAG should take about 10 minutes to generate and as soon as it finishes, Geth will start mining automatically. If you are serious about mining on the live ethereum network and getting real ether rewards, then you should use a dedicated computer with very powerful graphics cards in order to run the network.

If you are using Eth then GPU mining comes out of the box. There are currently two options for GPU mining in Geth available. You can read a more detailed description of how to install it on this mining post. This is a version for the pro miners. Go experimental GPU branch. It's experimental so you need to build go from source to get it.

This version is focused on hobbyists and developers. To install it, clone geth from source and then switch to the GPU Miner branch. You can read all about the theory behind this and its design in the Ethereum gitBook, mining chapter.

Note that for Serenity a future release, a major milestone on the Ethereum development roadmap we are planning to switch to Proof of Stake PoS. Mining prowess roughly scales proportionally to memory bandwidth. Empirical evidence has already confirmed this, with R9 x regularly topping benchmarks. Don't expect to see them on the market, and if you do, proceed with extreme caution. Ethereum would never be possible without bitcoin—both the technology and the currency—and we see ourselves not as a competing currency but as complementary within the digital ecosystem.

Ether is to be treated as "crypto-fuel", a token whose purpose is to pay for computation, and is not intended to be used as or considered a currency, asset, share or anything else. If so desired one could trade bitcoins for ether with the purpose of executing contracts and trade it back immediately in order to keep their value pegged and secured by the bitcoin network.

The latest version of the wallet includes an automatic conversion between ether and bitcoin. Use a pegged derivative: Ethereum is a great tool for creating complex trading between multiple parties. If you have a source for the price of Bitcoin that all parties trust, then it's possible to create an ethereum based currency whose value is pegged to the market value of Bitcoin. This means that you could trade bitcoins to a token that is guaranteed to always trade back to the same amount of bitcoins while still being fully compatible with other ethereum contracts.

Use a Bitcoin relay to convert a 2-way peg: This means that you can use Bitcoin's native limited scripting capability to lock a bitcoin into a contract that is directly connected to an ethereum contract, which can then issue an ethereum based token that is guaranteed to be backed by bitcoin. The relay is under development and as implementations are tested and proved to be secure, we will list them here. Ethereum addresses don't have built-in checks on them yet.

That means that if you mistype an address, your ether will be lost forever, without a secondary confirmation window. If you are moving a significant amount, start with smaller quantities that you can afford to lose, until you feel comfortable enough.

There are two types of accounts in Ethereum: In this section, we focus on the former. The remainder of this guide will be dedicated to the latter. Similarly, your transactions are also of two types: Before you execute your first ether transfer you need a friend to send your ether to.

Assuming you created a second account to send the ether to:. The first two lines set local variables with account numbers for easier access later. Change the sender and recipient addresses to whatever you like. The third line converts the chosen amount to the network's base unit wei. Although there are many names for ether denominations, we will use only two: Wei is the atomic unit of ether, and is the one used on the system level.

Most day-to-day transactions will be done with ether, which is equivalent to one quintillion wei, or a 1 followed by 18 zeros. Waiting a few seconds, the transaction should be complete. To check the balance of an account, simply type:. If you are using Geth then you can just use eth instead of web3.

Anytime you create a transaction in Ethereum, the string that is returned is the Transaction Hash. You can use those to keep track of a transaction in progress, or the amount of gas spent in a past transaction using eth. Here's how to use it:. We've built easy to use graphical tools , but if you are a developer you probably want to install the command line tools.

Ether The crypto-fuel for the Ethereum network. Did you buy ether during the presale? Check your ether presale balance safely here: FAQ How are ethers created?

The results were roughly: Is the ether supply infinite? I bought ether during the presale. How do I access it? Then, if you are using Geth execute this: Read more about accounts. How do I mine ether? This process is usually called mining in the crypto-currency lingo.

CPU MINING Using the command line If you are on a private network and if you just want to test the technology for free, you should then any normal computer with a normal CPU will be able to run the network and earn test ether ether that is only redeemable on the test network where it was generated through mining. Here's how to set your etherbase and then start mining: If you have successfully mined a block you will see a message like this among the logs: What's the relationship between bitcoin and ether?

There are many ways in which you can use Bitcoins within the Ethereum ecosystem: How do I send ether using the command line?

Assuming you created a second account to send the ether to: After having set the variables above, send the transaction with: