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OpenStack is a free and open-source software platform for cloud computing , mostly deployed as infrastructure-as-a-service IaaS , whereby virtual servers and other resources are made available to customers. Users either manage it through a web-based dashboard, through command-line tools, or through RESTful web services. As of [update] , it is managed by the OpenStack Foundation , a non-profit corporate entity established in September [3] to promote OpenStack software and its community.
In , developers of the Ubuntu Linux distribution adopted OpenStack [21] with an unsupported technology preview of the OpenStack "Bexar" release for Ubuntu In , Red Hat announced a preview of their OpenStack distribution, [28] beginning with the "Essex" release. After another preview release, Red Hat introduced commercial support for OpenStack with the "Grizzly" release, in July In July , NASA released an internal audit citing lack of technical progress and other factors as the agency's primary reason for dropping out as an active developer of the project and instead focus on the use of public clouds.
At the Interop and Tech Field Day , software-defined networking was demonstrated by Avaya using Shortest path bridging and OpenStack as an automated campus, extending automation from the data center to the end device, removing manual provisioning from service delivery.
The OpenStack community collaborates around a six-month, time-based release cycle with frequent development milestones. OpenStack has a modular architecture with various code names for its components. OpenStack Compute Nova is a cloud computing fabric controller, which is the main part of an IaaS system.
It is designed to manage and automate pools of computer resources and can work with widely available virtualization technologies, as well as bare metal and high-performance computing HPC configurations. Due to its widespread integration into enterprise-level infrastructures, monitoring OpenStack performance in general, and Nova performance in particular, at scale has become an increasingly important issue.
Monitoring end-to-end performance requires tracking metrics from Nova, Keystone, Neutron, Cinder, Swift and other services, in addition to monitoring RabbitMQ which is used by OpenStack services for message passing. OpenStack Networking ensures the network is not a bottleneck or limiting factor in a cloud deployment, [ citation needed ] and gives users self-service ability, even over network configurations.
OpenStack Networking provides networking models for different applications or user groups. Standard models include flat networks or VLANs that separate servers and traffic.
Floating IP addresses let traffic be dynamically rerouted to any resources in the IT infrastructure, so users can redirect traffic during maintenance or in case of a failure.
Users can create their own networks, control traffic, and connect servers and devices to one or more networks. Administrators can use software-defined networking SDN technologies like OpenFlow to support high levels of multi-tenancy and massive scale. OpenStack networking provides an extension framework that can deploy and manage additional network services—such as intrusion detection systems IDS , load balancing, firewalls, and virtual private networks VPN.
OpenStack Block Storage Cinder provides persistent block-level storage devices for use with OpenStack compute instances. The block storage system manages the creation, attaching and detaching of the block devices to servers. Block storage volumes are fully integrated into OpenStack Compute and the Dashboard allowing for cloud users to manage their own storage needs.
Block storage is appropriate for performance sensitive scenarios such as database storage, expandable file systems, or providing a server with access to raw block level storage. Snapshot management provides powerful functionality for backing up data stored on block storage volumes. Snapshots can be restored or used to create a new block storage volume.
OpenStack Identity Keystone provides a central directory of users mapped to the OpenStack services they can access. It acts as a common authentication system across the cloud operating system and can integrate with existing backend directory services like LDAP. It supports multiple forms of authentication including standard username and password credentials, token-based systems and AWS-style i.
Amazon Web Services logins. Additionally, the catalog provides a queryable list of all of the services deployed in an OpenStack cloud in a single registry. Users and third-party tools can programmatically determine which resources they can access.
OpenStack Image Glance provides discovery, registration, and delivery services for disk and server images. Stored images can be used as a template. It can also be used to store and catalog an unlimited number of backups. The Image Service can store disk and server images in a variety of back-ends, including Swift.
Glance adds many enhancements to existing legacy infrastructures. For example, if integrated with VMware, Glance introduces advanced features to the vSphere family such as vMotion, high availability and dynamic resource scheduling DRS.
Thus, it enables a dynamic and automated self-optimizing datacenter, allowing hardware maintenance for the underperforming servers without downtimes. Other OpenStack modules that need to interact with Images, for example Heat , must communicate with the images metadata through Glance.
Also, Nova can present information about the images, and configure a variation on an image to produce an instance. However, Glance is the only module that can add, delete, share, or duplicate images. OpenStack Object Storage Swift is a scalable redundant storage system. Objects and files are written to multiple disk drives spread throughout servers in the data center, with the OpenStack software responsible for ensuring data replication and integrity across the cluster.
Storage clusters scale horizontally simply by adding new servers. Should a server or hard drive fail, OpenStack replicates its content from other active nodes to new locations in the cluster. Because OpenStack uses software logic to ensure data replication and distribution across different devices, inexpensive commodity hard drives and servers can be used.
The initial development team consisted of nine developers. OpenStack Dashboard Horizon provides administrators and users with a graphical interface to access, provision, and automate deployment of cloud-based resources. The design accommodates third party products and services, such as billing, monitoring, and additional management tools.
The dashboard is also brand-able for service providers and other commercial vendors who want to make use of it. The dashboard is one of several ways users can interact with OpenStack resources. Mistral is a service that manages workflows. Then user can start this workflow manually via the same API or configure a trigger to start the workflow on some event. OpenStack Telemetry Ceilometer provides a Single Point Of Contact for billing systems, providing all the counters they need to establish customer billing, across all current and future OpenStack components.
The delivery of counters is traceable and auditable, the counters must be easily extensible to support new projects, and agents doing data collections should be independent of the overall system. Trove is a database-as-a-service provisioning relational and a non-relational database engine. Sahara is a component to easily and rapidly provision Hadoop clusters. Users will specify several parameters like the Hadoop version number, the cluster topology type, node flavor details defining disk space, CPU and RAM settings , and others.
After a user provides all of the parameters, Sahara deploys the cluster in a few minutes. Sahara also provides means to scale a preexisting Hadoop cluster by adding and removing worker nodes on demand. Ironic is an OpenStack project that provisions bare metal machines instead of virtual machines. It was initially forked from the Nova Baremetal driver and has evolved into a separate project. It is best thought of as a bare-metal hypervisor API and a set of plugins that interact with the bare-metal hypervisors.
By default, it will use PXE and IPMI in concert to provision and turn on and off machines, but Ironic supports and can be extended with vendor-specific plugins to implement additional functionality.
Zaqar is a multi-tenant cloud messaging service for Web developers. The service features a fully RESTful API, which developers can use to send messages between various components of their SaaS and mobile applications by using a variety of communication patterns.
Underlying this API is an efficient messaging engine designed with scalability and security in mind. Other OpenStack components can integrate with Zaqar to surface events to end users and to communicate with guest agents that run in the "over-cloud" layer. Searchlight provides advanced and consistent search capabilities across various OpenStack cloud services. It is aimed at being useful for all environments, including large ephemeral Clouds.
Magnum uses Heat to orchestrate an OS image which contains Docker and Kubernetes and runs that image in either virtual machines or bare metal in a cluster configuration. This alarming service enables the ability to trigger actions based on defined rules against metric or event data collected by Ceilometer or Gnocchi.
OpenStack does not strive for compatibility with other clouds APIs. OpenStack is governed by a non-profit foundation and its board of directors, a technical committee, and a user committee. The board of directors is made up of eight members from each of the eight platinum sponsors, eight members from the 24 defined maximum allowed Gold sponsors, and eight members elected by the Foundation individual members.
OpenStack has a wide variety of users, from a number of different sectors. As the OpenStack project has matured, vendors have pioneered multiple ways for customers to deploy OpenStack:. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre has a private cloud to cater to in house employees' requirements.
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