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For such cases it is a more accurate measure than measuring instructions per second. The similar term FLOP is often used for floating-point operation , for example as a unit of counting floating-point operations carried out by an algorithm or computer hardware. Floating-point arithmetic is needed for very large or very small real numbers , or computations that require a large dynamic range.
Floating-point representation is similar to scientific notation, except everything is carried out in base two, rather than base ten. This standard defines the format for bit numbers called single precision , as well as bit numbers called double precision and longer numbers called extended precision used for intermediate results. Floating-point representations can support a much wider range of values than fixed-point, with the ability to represent very small numbers and very large numbers.
The exponentiation inherent in floating-point computation assures a much larger dynamic range — the largest and smallest numbers that can be represented — which is especially important when processing data sets which are extremely large or where the range may be unpredictable.
As such, floating-point processors are ideally suited for computationally intensive applications. Floating-point operations are typically used in fields such as scientific computational research. The unit MIPS measures integer performance of a computer. MIPS as a performance benchmark is adequate when a computer is used in database queries, word processing, spreadsheets, or to run multiple virtual operating systems. This was much better than using the prevalent MIPS to compare computers as this statistic usually had little bearing on the arithmetic capability of the machine.
FLOPS can be calculated using this equation: Sandia director Bill Camp said that ASCI Red had the best reliability of any supercomputer ever built, and "was supercomputing's high-water mark in longevity, price, and performance". A computer response time below 0. It has special-purpose pipelines for simulating molecular dynamics.
In June , Top On February 4, , the NSF and the University of Texas at Austin opened full scale research runs on an AMD , Sun supercomputer named Ranger , [16] the most powerful supercomputing system in the world for open science research, which operates at sustained speed of 0. It headed the June and November TOP list of the most powerful supercomputers excluding grid computers.
The computer's name refers to the New Mexico state bird , the greater roadrunner Geococcyx californianus. In early the supercomputer was named after a mythical creature, Kraken. Kraken was declared the world's fastest university-managed supercomputer and sixth fastest overall in the TOP list. In Kraken was upgraded and can operate faster and is more powerful.
In , the Cray Jaguar performed at 1. In October , China unveiled the Tianhe-1 , a supercomputer that operates at a peak computing rate of 2. GPUs are considerably more powerful. In November , it was announced that Japan had achieved It is named after the Japanese word " kei ", which stands for 10 quadrillion , [30] corresponding to the target speed of 10 petaFLOPS.
On June 10, , China's Tianhe-2 was ranked the world's fastest with The system, which is almost exclusively based on technology developed in China, is installed at the National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi, and represents more performance than the next five most powerful systems on the TOP list combined.
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Intel Core and Intel Nehalem [6]. AMD Ryzen per core [7] [8] [9]. Intel Xeon Phi Knights Landing [6]. The IBM Stretch performs one floating-point multiply every 2.
Two processor Beowulf clusters with Pentium Pro microprocessors [55]. It won the Gordon Bell Prize in As of August , this The Sony PlayStation 4 is listed as having a peak performance of 1. Built using commercially available parts.