Pump Types Guide - Find the right pump for the job
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Centrifugal pumps are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric motor. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward into a diffuser or volute chamber casingfrom where it exits.
The reverse function of the centrifugal pump is a water turbine converting potential energy of water pressure into mechanical rotational energy. According to Reti, the first machine that could be characterized as a centrifugal pump was a mud lifting machine which appeared as early as in a treatise by centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids Italian Renaissance engineer Francesco di Giorgio Martini.
The curved vane was introduced by British inventor John Appold in Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, often from a motor, to energy in a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the fluid. Fluid enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades, and is whirled tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids the casing.
The fluid gains both velocity and pressure while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-shaped diffuser, or scroll, section of the casing decelerates the flow and further increases the pressure. Accordingly, the change of the angular momentum is equal to the sum of the external moments. Since no pressure forces are created on cylindrical surfaces centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids the circumferential direction, it is possible to write Eq.
The color triangle formed by velocity vector u,c,w called "velocity triangle". This rule was helpful to detail Eq. It illustrates rather clearly energy centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids to the flow shown in vector c inversely change upon flow rate Q shown in vector c m.
Vertical centrifugal pumps are also referred to as cantilever pumps. They utilize a unique shaft and bearing support configuration that allows the volute to hang in the sump while the bearings are outside the sump.
This style of pump uses centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids stuffing box to seal the shaft but instead utilizes a "throttle bushing". A common application for this style of pump is in a parts washer. In the mineral industry, or in the extraction of oilsand, froth is generated to separate the rich minerals or bitumen from the sand and clays.
Froth contains air that tends to block conventional pumps and cause loss of prime. Over history, industry has developed different ways to deal with this problem. In the pulp and paper industry holes are drilled in the impeller. Air escapes to the back of the impeller and a special expeller discharges the air back to the suction tank. The impeller may also feature special small vanes between the primary vanes called split vanes or secondary vanes.
Some pumps may feature a large eye, an inducer or recirculation of pressurized froth from the pump discharge back to the suction to break the bubbles.
A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. The impellers may be mounted centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids the same shaft or on different shafts. Centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids each stage, the fluid is directed to the center before making its way to the discharge on the outer diameter.
Centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids higher pressures at the outlet, impellers can be connected in series. For higher flow output, impellers can be connected in parallel.
A common application of the multistage centrifugal pump is the boiler feedwater pump. For example, a MW unit would require two feedpumps in parallel. All energy transferred to the fluid is derived from the mechanical energy driving the impeller. This can be measured at isentropic compression, resulting in a slight temperature increase in addition to the pressure increase.
The energy usage in a pumping installation is determined by the flow required, the height lifted and the length and friction characteristics of the pipeline. The energy usage is determined by multiplying the power requirement by the length of time the pump is operating. These are some difficulties faced in centrifugal pumps: An oilfield solids control system needs many centrifugal pumps to sit on or in mud tanks.
The types of centrifugal pumps used are sand pumps, submersible centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids pumps, shear pumps, and charging pumps. They are defined for their different functions, but their working principle is the same. Magnetically coupled pumps, or magnetic drive pumps, vary from the traditional pumping style, as the motor is coupled to the pump by magnetic means rather than by a direct mechanical shaft. The pump works via a drive magnet, 'driving' the pump rotor, which is magnetically coupled to the primary shaft driven by the motor.
They have no direct connection between the motor shaft and the impeller, so centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids gland is needed.
There is no risk of leakage, unless the casing is broken. Since the pump shaft is not supported by bearings outside the pump's housingsupport inside the pump is provided by bushings. The pump size of a magnetic drive pumps can go from few Watts power to a giant 1MW. Most centrifugal pumps are not self-priming. In other words, the pump casing must be filled with liquid before the pump is started, or the pump will not be able to function.
If the pump casing becomes filled with vapors or gases, the pump impeller becomes gas-bound and incapable of pumping. To ensure that a centrifugal pump remains primed and does not become gas-bound, most centrifugal pumps are located below the level of the source from which centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids pump is to take its suction. The same effect can be gained by supplying liquid to the pump suction under pressure supplied by another pump placed in the suction line.
In normal conditions, common centrifugal pumps are unable to evacuate the air from an inlet line leading to a fluid level whose geodetic altitude is below that of the pump. Self-priming pumps have to be capable of evacuating air centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids Venting from the pump suction line without any external auxiliary devices.
Centrifugal pumps with an internal suction stage such as water jet pumps or side channel pumps are also classified as self-priming pumps. Centrifugal pumps which are not designed with an internal or external self-priming stage can only start to pump the fluid after the pump has initially been primed with the fluid. In addition, a suction-side swing check valve or a vent valve must be fitted to prevent any siphon action and ensure that the fluid remains in the casing when the pump has been stopped.
In self-priming centrifugal pumps with a separation chamber the fluid pumped and the entrained air bubbles are pumped into the separation chamber by the impeller action. The air escapes through the pump discharge nozzle whilst the fluid drops back down and is once more entrained by the impeller. The suction line is thus continuously evacuated. The design required for such a self-priming feature has an adverse effect on pump efficiency.
Also, the dimensions of the separating chamber are relatively large. For these reasons this solution is only adopted for small pumps, e. More frequently used types of self-priming pumps are side channel and water ring pumps. Another type of self-priming pump is a centrifugal pump with two casing chambers and an open impeller. This pump type operates without a foot valve centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids without an evacuation device on the suction side.
The pump has centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids be primed centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids the fluid to be handled prior to commissioning. Two-phase mixture is pumped until the suction line has been evacuated and the fluid level has been pushed into the front suction intake chamber by atmospheric pressure.
During normal pumping operation this pump works like an ordinary centrifugal pump. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. March Learn how and when to remove this template message.
Centrifugal Centrifugal pumps for corrosive liquids 2nd ed. Practical centrifugal pumps design, operation and maintenance 1. Retrieved 3 April Know and understand centrifugal pumps. Retrieved from " https: Pumps Gas compressors Turbines Hydraulic engineering Power engineering. Articles needing additional references from March All articles needing additional references Articles containing video clips. Views Read Edit View history. In other projects Wikimedia Commons.
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