Vietnam Veterans Memorial
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It honors service members of the U. Its construction and related issues have been the source of controversies, some of which have resulted in additions to the memorial complex.
The memorial currently consists of three separate parts: The main part of the memorial, which was completed inis in Constitution Gardens adjacent to the National Malljust northeast of the Lincoln Memorial.
The memorial is maintained by the U. National Park Serviceand receives around 3 million visitors each year. The Memorial Wall is made up of two footinch At the highest tip the apex where they meetthey are Symbolically, this is described as a "wound that is closed and healing". The stone for the panels was quarried in Bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial, India.
When a visitor bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial upon the wall, his or her reflection can be seen simultaneously with the engraved names, which is meant to symbolically bring the past and present together. Each wall has 72 panels, 70 listing names numbered 1E through 70E and 70W through 1W bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial two very small blank panels at the extremities.
There is a pathway along the base of the Wall where visitors may walk. The number of names on the wall is different than the official number of U. Vietnam War deaths, which is 58, Directories containing all of the names are located on nearby podiums at both ends of the monument where visitors may locate specific names.
The memorial has had some unforeseen maintenance issues. In cracks were detected in the marble and, as a result, two of the panels were temporarily removed in for study. More cracks were discovered in There are many theories about the cause of the cracks, and one often forwarded is that thermal cycling is to blame. Inthe Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund purchased several blank panels to bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial in case any were ever destroyed.
They placed them in storage at Quantico Marine Base. Bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial the memorial are the names of service members classified as "declared dead"; as the memorial contains names of individuals that died of circumstances other than killed in actionincluding murder, vehicle accidents, drowning, heart attack, animal attack, snake bites and others.
The names are inscribed in Optima typeface. Information about rank, unit, and decorations is not given. Those who are declared dead are denoted by a diamond, and those who are status unknown are denoted with a cross.
When the death of one who was previously missing is confirmed, a diamond is superimposed over the cross. If the missing were to return alive, which has bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial occurred to date, the cross is to be circumscribed by a circle.
The earliest date of eligibility for a name to be included on the memorial is November 1,which corresponds to President Eisenhower deploying the Military Assistance Advisory Group to train the Army of the Republic of Vietnam. The last date of eligibility is May 15,which corresponds to the final day of the Mayaguez incident. In such cases, the determination is made by the Bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial of Defense. The names are listed in chronological order, starting at the apex on panel 1E in July 8,moving day by day to the end of the eastern wall at panel 70E, which ended on May 25,starting again at panel 70W at the end of the western wall which completes the list for May 25,and returning to the apex at panel 1W in There are some deaths that predate July 8, including the death of Richard B.
The names of 32 men were erroneously included in the memorial, and while those names remain on the wall, they have been removed from the databases and printed directories. The extra names resulted from a deliberate bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial to err on the side of inclusiveness, with 38 questionable names being included. One person, whose name was added as late ashad gone AWOL immediately upon his return to the United States after his second completed tour of duty.
His survival only came to the attention of government authorities in These survivor names could be removed if the panel their name is on is replaced in the future. A short distance away from the wall is another Vietnam memorial, a bronze statue named The Three Servicemen sometimes called The Three Soldiers. The statue bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial three soldiers, purposefully identifiable as European Bitcoin wiki vietnam memorialAfrican Americanand Hispanic American.
In their final arrangement, the statue and the Wall appear to interact with each other, with the soldiers looking on in solemn tribute bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial the names of their fallen comrades. The distance between the two allows them to interact while minimizing the effect of the addition on Lin's design. The Vietnam Women's Memorial is a memorial dedicated to the women of the United States who served in the Vietnam War, most of whom were nurses. It serves as a reminder of the importance of women in the conflict.
It depicts three uniformed women with a wounded soldier. A memorial plaque, authorized by Pub. The plaque is a carved block of black granite, 3 by 2 feet 0. We honor and remember their sacrifice. Visitors to the Wall will take a piece of paper and place it over a name on the wall and rub wax crayon or graphite pencil over it as a memento of their loved ones.
This is called " rubbing ". Visitors to the memorial began leaving sentimental items at the memorial at its opening. One story claims that this practice began during construction, when a Vietnam veteran threw the Purple Heart his brother received posthumously into the concrete of the memorial's foundation.
Several thousand items are left at the memorial each year. The largest item left at bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial memorial was a sliding glass storm door with a full-size replica "tiger cage".
The door was painted with a scene in Vietnam and the names of U. VVMFwas incorporated as a non-profit organization to establish a bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial to veterans of the Vietnam War.
Much of the impetus behind the formation of the fund came from a wounded Vietnam veteran, Jan Scruggswho was inspired by the film The Deer Hunterwith support from fellow Vietnam veterans such as bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial Navy chaplain Arnold Resnicoff. Congress announced that bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial winner of a design competition will design the park.
On March 30,1, designs were submitted. Each entry was identified by number only, to preserve the anonymity of their authors. All entries were examined by each juror; the entries were narrowed down tothen Finally, the jury selected entry numberdesigned by Maya Lin.
The selected design was very controversial, in particular its unconventional design, its black color and its lack of ornamentation. Ross Perot and James Webbwithdrew their support once bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial saw the design. In the words of Scruggs, "It has become something bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial a shrine.
Negative reactions to Maya Lin 's design created a controversy; a compromise was reached by commissioning Frederick Hart who had placed third in the bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial design competition to produce a bronze figurative sculpture in the heroic tradition. Opponents of Lin's design had hoped to place this sculpture of three soldiers at the apex of the wall's two sides. Lin objected strenuously to this, arguing that this would make the soldiers the focal point of the memorial, and her wall a mere backdrop.
A compromise was reached, and the sculpture was placed off to one side to minimize the impact of the addition on Lin's design. On October 13,the U. Commission of Fine Arts approved the erection of a flagpole to be grouped with sculptures. On March 11,the revised design was formally approved, and on March 26,ground was formally broken.
Stone for the wall came from BangaloreKarnatakaIndia. It was chosen because of its reflective quality and also because of opposition to Swedish and Canadian stone, as those countries were destinations for draft evaders.
Stone cutting and fabrication was done in Barre, Vermont. The typesetting of the original 57, names on the wall was performed by Datalantic in AtlantaGeorgia. Stones were then shipped to Memphis, Tennessee where the names were etched. The etching was completed using a photoemulsion and sandblasting process. The negatives used in the process are in storage at the Smithsonian Institution. The memorial bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial dedicated on November 13,after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.
About two years later the Three Soldiers statue was dedicated. Sinceover names have been added to the memorial, but not necessarily in chronological order. Some were men who died in Vietnam but were left off the list due to clerical errors.
Others bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial afterand their deaths were determined by the Department of Defense to be the direct result of their Vietnam service. For those who died during the war, their name is placed in a position that relates to their date of death. For those who died after the war, their name is placed in a position that relates to the date of their injury.
Because space is usually not available in the exact right place, names are places as close to their correct chronological position as possible, but usually not in the exact spot. The order could be corrected as panels are replaced.
Furthermore, over names have been identified as misspelled. In some cases, the correction could be done in place. In others, the name had to be chiseled again elsewhere, moving them out of chronological order. Others have remained in place, with the misspelling, at the request of their family. Before Goodacre's design was selected, two design entries had been awarded as co-finalists - one a statue and the other a setting - however the two designs were unable to be reconciled. Goodacre's original design for the Women's Bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial statue included a standing figure of a nurse holding a Vietnamese baby, which although not intended as such, was deemed a political statement, and it was asked that this be removed.
She replaced them with a figure of a bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial woman holding an empty helmet. On November 10,a memorial plaque, authorized by Pub.
The organization was disbanded, but their web site [26] is maintained by the Vietnam War Project at Texas Tech University. Items left at the Vietnam Veterans Memorial are collected by National Park Service employees bitcoin wiki vietnam memorial transferred to the NPS Museum Resource Center, which catalogs and stores all items except perishable organic matter such as fresh flowers and unaltered U.
The flags are redistributed through various channels.
